| References |
[1] S. M. Richards, G. Y. H. McClure, T. L. Lavy, J. D. Mattice, R. J. Keller, J. Gandy (2001) Propanil (3,4-Dichloropropionanilide) Particulate Concentrations Within and Near the Residences of Families Living Adjacent to Aerially Sprayed Rice Fields, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 41, 112-116
[2] Michael A. Kamrin (1997) Pesticide Profiles: Toxicity, Environmental Impact, and Fate |
| Description |
propanil is used as a rice herbicide. The resistance of rice plants toward propanil has been found in an enzyme aryl-acylamidase that rapidly hydrolyzes the herbicide. This enzyme can be inhibited by carbamate insecticides, and this can lead to an increased propanil phytotoxicity (38). |
| Chemical Properties |
Propanil is a colorless solid. The technical product is a brown crystalline solid. |
| Chemical Properties |
(Pure) Light-brown solid. |
| Uses |
Propanil is a a widely used herbicide. Propanil is used mainly to control weed growth in rice fields. |
| Uses |
Postemergence herbicide, especially for rice culture; nematocide. |
| Uses |
Selective preemergence and postemergence herbicide used to control many grasses and broad-leaved weeds in potatoes, rice and wheat. |
| General Description |
Colorless to brown crystals. Non corrosive. Used as an herbicide. |
| Air & Water Reactions |
Hydrolyzed by acid and alkaline media. |
| Reactivity Profile |
Propanil is incompatible with carbamates and organophosphates. |
| Hazard |
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. |
| Agricultural Uses |
Herbicide: Propanil is a post-emergence herbicide with no residual effect. It is used against numerous grasses and broadleaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat. Mixing with carbamates or organophosphorus compounds is not recommended. It is also used on wheat in a mixture with MCPA. With carbaryl, it is used in citrus crops grown in sod culture. Not approved for use in EU countries (re-submitted). Registered for use in the U.S. |
| Safety Profile |
Poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by an unspecified route. Mildly toxic by skin contact. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cl and NOx. |
| Potential Exposure |
Propanil is used as a postemergent herbicide for rice and spring wheat. A potential danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation, and application of this contact herbicide. |
| Shipping |
UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required. |
| Waste Disposal |
Hydrolysis in acidic or basic media yields the more toxic substance, 3,4-dichloraniline, and is not recommended. |
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